{"id":7659,"date":"2020-09-20T23:56:17","date_gmt":"2020-09-20T23:56:17","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.ipq.pt\/metrology-museum\/weights-and-measures-in-portugal\/reformas-metrologicas-do-estado-moderno\/"},"modified":"2023-02-13T12:43:33","modified_gmt":"2023-02-13T12:43:33","slug":"metrological-reforms-of-the-modern-era","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.ipq.pt\/en\/metrology-museum\/weights-and-measures-in-portugal\/metrological-reforms-of-the-modern-era\/","title":{"rendered":"Metrological reforms of the modern era"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><div class=\"fusion-fullwidth fullwidth-box fusion-builder-row-1 fusion-flex-container hundred-percent-fullwidth non-hundred-percent-height-scrolling\" style=\"--awb-border-sizes-top:0px;--awb-border-sizes-bottom:0px;--awb-border-sizes-left:0px;--awb-border-sizes-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-top-left:0px;--awb-border-radius-top-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-left:0px;--awb-padding-top:0px;--awb-padding-right:0px;--awb-padding-bottom:0px;--awb-padding-left:0px;--awb-margin-top:0px;--awb-flex-wrap:wrap;\" ><div class=\"fusion-builder-row fusion-row fusion-flex-align-items-flex-start fusion-flex-content-wrap\" style=\"width:calc( 100% + 0px ) !important;max-width:calc( 100% + 0px ) !important;margin-left: calc(-0px \/ 2 );margin-right: calc(-0px \/ 2 );\"><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-0 fusion_builder_column_1_1 1_1 fusion-flex-column\" style=\"--awb-padding-bottom:3%;--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-width-large:100%;--awb-margin-top-large:0px;--awb-spacing-right-large:0px;--awb-margin-bottom-large:0px;--awb-spacing-left-large:0px;--awb-width-medium:100%;--awb-spacing-right-medium:0px;--awb-spacing-left-medium:0px;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-spacing-right-small:0px;--awb-spacing-left-small:0px;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><div class=\"fusion-image-element \" style=\"--awb-caption-title-font-family:var(--h2_typography-font-family);--awb-caption-title-font-weight:var(--h2_typography-font-weight);--awb-caption-title-font-style:var(--h2_typography-font-style);--awb-caption-title-size:var(--h2_typography-font-size);--awb-caption-title-transform:var(--h2_typography-text-transform);--awb-caption-title-line-height:var(--h2_typography-line-height);--awb-caption-title-letter-spacing:var(--h2_typography-letter-spacing);\"><span class=\" fusion-imageframe imageframe-none imageframe-1 hover-type-none\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"2005\" height=\"265\" title=\"header_MM-EN\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ipq.pt\/wp-content\/uploads\/header_MM-EN.png\" data-orig-src=\"https:\/\/storagewebsiteipq.blob.core.windows.net\/website\/header_MM-EN.png\" alt class=\"lazyload img-responsive wp-image-7346\" srcset=\"data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D%27http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg%27%20width%3D%272005%27%20height%3D%27265%27%20viewBox%3D%270%200%202005%20265%27%3E%3Crect%20width%3D%272005%27%20height%3D%27265%27%20fill-opacity%3D%220%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fsvg%3E\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/www.ipq.pt\/wp-content\/uploads\/header_MM-EN-200x26.png 200w, https:\/\/www.ipq.pt\/wp-content\/uploads\/header_MM-EN-400x53.png 400w, https:\/\/www.ipq.pt\/wp-content\/uploads\/header_MM-EN-600x79.png 600w, https:\/\/www.ipq.pt\/wp-content\/uploads\/header_MM-EN-800x106.png 800w, https:\/\/www.ipq.pt\/wp-content\/uploads\/header_MM-EN-1200x159.png 1200w, https:\/\/www.ipq.pt\/wp-content\/uploads\/header_MM-EN.png 2005w\" data-sizes=\"auto\" data-orig-sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, (max-width: 640px) 100vw, 2005px\" \/><\/span><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-fullwidth fullwidth-box fusion-builder-row-2 fusion-flex-container nonhundred-percent-fullwidth non-hundred-percent-height-scrolling\" style=\"--awb-border-radius-top-left:0px;--awb-border-radius-top-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-left:0px;--awb-flex-wrap:wrap;\" ><div class=\"fusion-builder-row fusion-row fusion-flex-align-items-flex-start fusion-flex-content-wrap\" style=\"max-width:1420.64px;margin-left: calc(-4% \/ 2 );margin-right: calc(-4% \/ 2 );\"><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-1 fusion_builder_column_1_3 1_3 fusion-flex-column\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-width-large:33.333333333333%;--awb-margin-top-large:0px;--awb-spacing-right-large:5.76%;--awb-margin-bottom-large:0px;--awb-spacing-left-large:5.76%;--awb-width-medium:100%;--awb-spacing-right-medium:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-medium:1.92%;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-spacing-right-small:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-small:1.92%;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><div class=\"fusion-widget fusion-widget-element fusion-widget-area fusion-content-widget-area wpWidget-1 menu_v_template1 fusion_widget_vertical_menu no-divider-color\" style=\"--awb-fusion-border-size:0px;--awb-fusion-border-style:solid;\"><div class=\"widget avada_vertical_menu\"><style>#fusion-vertical-menu-widget-avada-vertical-menu-widget-1-nav ul.menu li a {font-size:14px;}<\/style><nav id=\"fusion-vertical-menu-widget-avada-vertical-menu-widget-1-nav\" class=\"fusion-vertical-menu-widget fusion-menu hover left no-border\" aria-label=\"Secondary navigation\"><ul id=\"menu-metrology-museum\" class=\"menu\"><li id=\"menu-item-18619\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-has-children menu-item-18619\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ipq.pt\/en\/metrology-museum\/\"><span class=\"link-text\"> metrology museum<\/span><span class=\"arrow\"><\/span><\/a><ul class=\"sub-menu\"><li id=\"menu-item-7520\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-7520\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ipq.pt\/en\/metrology-museum\/collectionofthemuseum\/\"><span class=\"link-text\"> Collection of the Museum<\/span><span class=\"arrow\"><\/span><\/a><\/li><li id=\"menu-item-7546\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-has-children menu-item-7546\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ipq.pt\/en\/metrology-museum\/museum-space\/\"><span class=\"link-text\"> Museum space<\/span><span class=\"arrow\"><\/span><\/a><ul 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menu-item-7583\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ipq.pt\/en\/metrology-museum\/weights-and-measures-in-portugal\/\"><span class=\"link-text\"> Weights and measures in Portugal<\/span><span class=\"arrow\"><\/span><\/a><ul class=\"sub-menu\"><li id=\"menu-item-8313\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-has-children menu-item-8313\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ipq.pt\/en\/metrology-museum\/weights-and-measures-in-portugal\/the-first-weights-and-measures\/\"><span class=\"link-text\"> The first weights and measures<\/span><span class=\"arrow\"><\/span><\/a><ul class=\"sub-menu\"><li id=\"menu-item-7605\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-7605\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ipq.pt\/en\/metrology-museum\/weights-and-measures-in-portugal\/the-first-weights-and-measures\/length-measures\/\"><span class=\"link-text\"> Length measures<\/span><span class=\"arrow\"><\/span><\/a><\/li><li id=\"menu-item-7654\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-7654\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ipq.pt\/en\/metrology-museum\/weights-and-measures-in-portugal\/the-first-weights-and-measures\/volume-measures\/\"><span class=\"link-text\"> Volume measures<\/span><span class=\"arrow\"><\/span><\/a><\/li><li id=\"menu-item-7653\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-7653\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ipq.pt\/en\/metrology-museum\/weights-and-measures-in-portugal\/the-first-weights-and-measures\/the-weight-mass\/\"><span class=\"link-text\"> The weight\u00a0(mass)<\/span><span class=\"arrow\"><\/span><\/a><\/li><li id=\"menu-item-7656\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-7656\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ipq.pt\/en\/metrology-museum\/weights-and-measures-in-portugal\/the-first-weights-and-measures\/early-reforms-towards-standardization\/\"><span class=\"link-text\"> Early reforms towards standardization<\/span><span class=\"arrow\"><\/span><\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li id=\"menu-item-7718\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-has-children menu-item-7718\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ipq.pt\/en\/metrology-museum\/weights-and-measures-in-portugal\/metrological-reforms-of-the-modern-era\/\"><span class=\"link-text\"> Metrological reforms of the modern era<\/span><span class=\"arrow\"><\/span><\/a><ul class=\"sub-menu\"><li id=\"menu-item-7717\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-7717\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ipq.pt\/en\/metrology-museum\/weights-and-measures-in-portugal\/metrological-reforms-of-the-modern-era\/the-manueline-reform\/\"><span class=\"link-text\"> The Manueline reform<\/span><span class=\"arrow\"><\/span><\/a><\/li><li id=\"menu-item-7716\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-7716\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ipq.pt\/en\/metrology-museum\/weights-and-measures-in-portugal\/metrological-reforms-of-the-modern-era\/the-reform-of-king-sebastiao\/\"><span class=\"link-text\"> The Reform of King Sebasti\u00e3o<\/span><span class=\"arrow\"><\/span><\/a><\/li><li id=\"menu-item-7715\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-7715\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ipq.pt\/en\/metrology-museum\/weights-and-measures-in-portugal\/metrological-reforms-of-the-modern-era\/the-philippine-dynasty\/\"><span class=\"link-text\"> The Philippine Dynasty<\/span><span class=\"arrow\"><\/span><\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li id=\"menu-item-7767\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-has-children menu-item-7767\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ipq.pt\/en\/metrology-museum\/weights-and-measures-in-portugal\/the-decimal-metric-system\/\"><span class=\"link-text\"> The decimal metric system<\/span><span class=\"arrow\"><\/span><\/a><ul 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href=\"https:\/\/www.ipq.pt\/en\/metrology-museum\/weights-and-measures-in-portugal\/the-decimal-metric-system\/adoption-and-promotion-of-the-metric-system\/\"><span class=\"link-text\"> Adoption and promotion of the metric system<\/span><span class=\"arrow\"><\/span><\/a><\/li><li id=\"menu-item-8440\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-8440\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ipq.pt\/en\/metrology-museum\/weights-and-measures-in-portugal\/the-decimal-metric-system\/the-meter-convention\/\"><span class=\"link-text\"> The meter convention<\/span><span class=\"arrow\"><\/span><\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li id=\"menu-item-8441\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-8441\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ipq.pt\/en\/metrology-museum\/collaboration-with-nadl\/\"><span class=\"link-text\"> Collaboration with NADL<\/span><span class=\"arrow\"><\/span><\/a><\/li><li id=\"menu-item-7921\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-has-children menu-item-7921\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ipq.pt\/en\/metrology-museum\/other-services\/\"><span class=\"link-text\"> Other services<\/span><span class=\"arrow\"><\/span><\/a><ul class=\"sub-menu\"><li id=\"menu-item-7920\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-7920\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ipq.pt\/en\/metrology-museum\/other-services\/purchase-of-the-book-weights-and-measures-in-portugal\/\"><span class=\"link-text\"> Purchase of the book &#8220;Weights and measures in Portugal&#8221;<\/span><span class=\"arrow\"><\/span><\/a><\/li><li id=\"menu-item-7919\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-7919\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ipq.pt\/en\/metrology-museum\/other-services\/historical-archive\/\"><span class=\"link-text\"> Historical archive<\/span><span class=\"arrow\"><\/span><\/a><\/li><li id=\"menu-item-8451\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-8451\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ipq.pt\/en\/metrology-museum\/other-services\/teaching-materials-museum\/\"><span class=\"link-text\"> Teaching materials<\/span><span class=\"arrow\"><\/span><\/a><\/li><li id=\"menu-item-7918\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-7918\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ipq.pt\/en\/metrology-museum\/other-services\/bibliography\/\"><span class=\"link-text\"> Bibliography<\/span><span class=\"arrow\"><\/span><\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-2 fusion_builder_column_2_3 2_3 fusion-flex-column\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-width-large:66.666666666667%;--awb-margin-top-large:0px;--awb-spacing-right-large:2.88%;--awb-margin-bottom-large:0px;--awb-spacing-left-large:2.88%;--awb-width-medium:100%;--awb-spacing-right-medium:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-medium:1.92%;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-spacing-right-small:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-small:1.92%;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><div class=\"fusion-title title fusion-title-1 fusion-sep-none fusion-title-text fusion-title-size-two subtitulo-sh2\" style=\"--awb-text-color:#eeb614;--awb-font-size:20px;\"><h2 class=\"fusion-title-heading title-heading-left fusion-responsive-typography-calculated\" style=\"margin:0;font-size:1em;--fontSize:20;--minFontSize:20;line-height:2;\">METROLOGICAL REFORMS OF THE MODERN ERA<\/h2><\/div><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-1 template-1-text\" style=\"--awb-margin-top:20px;\"><p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Towards the end of the 15th century, the systems of weights and measures used in the kingdom were very diverse and incoherent, despite several attempts at standardization that were not very systematic. The same situation prevailed throughout Europe, where various monarchs tried to standardize the systems used in their countries.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Thus, In England, Henry VII accomplished a relevant metrological reform in 1496-97, for the first time written in English, and sent copies of the weights and measures to many of the main cities of the kingdom.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Closer to us, in the Iberian Peninsula, the Catholic kings, in 1488, after the union of the realms of Castille and Aragon, ordered that a single standard of weights be used for trade.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">In Portugal, in 1487, King Jo\u00e3o II asked the Lisbon City Council and the representatives of the guilds to give their opinions about the idea of using a single type of mark for\u00a0all of\u00a0the products (\u201ceither the Cologne mark or the\u00a0<\/span><i><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Mar\u00e7aria<\/span><\/i><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0mark\u201d) and a new system of weights, with\u00a0<\/span><i><span data-contrast=\"auto\">arr\u00e1teis<\/span><\/i><span data-contrast=\"auto\"> of 2 marks or 16 ounces. Shortly thereafter, the king decided that the system of weights should be based on the Cologne mark. Meanwhile, the king died without making any other decisions regarding the standardization of the system.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div><div class=\"fusion-image-element \" style=\"text-align:right;--awb-caption-title-font-family:var(--h2_typography-font-family);--awb-caption-title-font-weight:var(--h2_typography-font-weight);--awb-caption-title-font-style:var(--h2_typography-font-style);--awb-caption-title-size:var(--h2_typography-font-size);--awb-caption-title-transform:var(--h2_typography-text-transform);--awb-caption-title-line-height:var(--h2_typography-line-height);--awb-caption-title-letter-spacing:var(--h2_typography-letter-spacing);\"><span class=\" fusion-imageframe imageframe-none imageframe-2 hover-type-none\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"200\" height=\"259\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ipq.pt\/wp-content\/uploads\/670_v2.png\" data-orig-src=\"https:\/\/storagewebsiteipq.blob.core.windows.net\/website\/\/670_v2-200x259.png\" alt class=\"lazyload img-responsive wp-image-7207\" srcset=\"data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D%27http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg%27%20width%3D%27232%27%20height%3D%27300%27%20viewBox%3D%270%200%20232%20300%27%3E%3Crect%20width%3D%27232%27%20height%3D%27300%27%20fill-opacity%3D%220%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fsvg%3E\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/www.ipq.pt\/wp-content\/uploads\/670_v2-200x259.png 200w, https:\/\/www.ipq.pt\/wp-content\/uploads\/670_v2.png 232w\" data-sizes=\"auto\" data-orig-sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, (max-width: 640px) 100vw, 200px\" \/><\/span><\/div><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-2\"><p><span class=\"TextRun SCXW146832333 BCX9\" lang=\"EN-US\" xml:lang=\"EN-US\" data-contrast=\"auto\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW146832333 BCX9\" data-ccp-parastyle=\"Normal (Web)\">King Manuel I put in practice the ideas proposed by King Jo\u00e3o II and promoted a<\/span><\/span><span class=\"TextRun SCXW146832333 BCX9\" lang=\"EN-US\" xml:lang=\"EN-US\" data-contrast=\"auto\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW146832333 BCX9\" data-ccp-parastyle=\"Normal (Web)\">\u00a0<\/span><\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ipq.pt\/en\/metrology-museum\/weights-and-measures-in-portugal\/metrological-reforms-of-the-modern-era\/the-manueline-reform\/\"><span class=\"TextRun Underlined SCXW146832333 BCX9\" lang=\"EN-US\" xml:lang=\"EN-US\" data-contrast=\"none\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW146832333 BCX9\" data-ccp-charstyle=\"Hyperlink\">metrol<\/span><\/span><span class=\"TextRun Underlined SCXW146832333 BCX9\" lang=\"EN-US\" xml:lang=\"EN-US\" data-contrast=\"none\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW146832333 BCX9\" data-ccp-charstyle=\"Hyperlink\">ogical reform<\/span><\/span><\/a><span class=\"TextRun SCXW146832333 BCX9\" lang=\"EN-US\" xml:lang=\"EN-US\" data-contrast=\"auto\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW146832333 BCX9\" data-ccp-parastyle=\"Normal (Web)\">,\u00a0<\/span><\/span><span class=\"TextRun SCXW146832333 BCX9\" lang=\"EN-US\" xml:lang=\"EN-US\" data-contrast=\"auto\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW146832333 BCX9\" data-ccp-parastyle=\"Normal (Web)\">i<\/span><\/span><span class=\"TextRun SCXW146832333 BCX9\" lang=\"EN-US\" xml:lang=\"EN-US\" data-contrast=\"auto\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW146832333 BCX9\" data-ccp-parastyle=\"Normal (Web)\">n which weights and measures and metrological control were defined.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><span class=\"TextRun SCXW146832333 BCX9\" lang=\"EN-US\" xml:lang=\"EN-US\" data-contrast=\"auto\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW146832333 BCX9\" data-ccp-parastyle=\"Normal (Web)\">T<\/span><\/span><span class=\"TextRun SCXW146832333 BCX9\" lang=\"EN-US\" xml:lang=\"EN-US\" data-contrast=\"auto\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW146832333 BCX9\" data-ccp-parastyle=\"Normal (Web)\">his reform took the entire reign to be carried out<\/span><\/span><span class=\"TextRun SCXW146832333 BCX9\" lang=\"EN-US\" xml:lang=\"EN-US\" data-contrast=\"auto\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW146832333 BCX9\" data-ccp-parastyle=\"Normal (Web)\">. The decisions taken at the end of the 15th century were being improved or clarified until the final version that was written in the Ordinances Published in 1521, the year of the monarch&#8217;s death, which, for the first time,\u00a0<\/span><span class=\"ContextualSpellingAndGrammarError SCXW146832333 BCX9\" data-ccp-parastyle=\"Normal (Web)\">established\u00a0 the<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW146832333 BCX9\" data-ccp-parastyle=\"Normal (Web)\"> Lisbon weights and measures as the national standards.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div><div class=\"fusion-image-element \" style=\"text-align:left;--awb-caption-title-font-family:var(--h2_typography-font-family);--awb-caption-title-font-weight:var(--h2_typography-font-weight);--awb-caption-title-font-style:var(--h2_typography-font-style);--awb-caption-title-size:var(--h2_typography-font-size);--awb-caption-title-transform:var(--h2_typography-text-transform);--awb-caption-title-line-height:var(--h2_typography-line-height);--awb-caption-title-letter-spacing:var(--h2_typography-letter-spacing);\"><span class=\" fusion-imageframe imageframe-none imageframe-3 hover-type-none\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"200\" height=\"200\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ipq.pt\/wp-content\/uploads\/DSC_0193_v2.png\" data-orig-src=\"https:\/\/storagewebsiteipq.blob.core.windows.net\/website\/\/DSC_0193_v2-200x200.png\" alt class=\"lazyload img-responsive wp-image-7209\" srcset=\"data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D%27http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg%27%20width%3D%27250%27%20height%3D%27250%27%20viewBox%3D%270%200%20250%20250%27%3E%3Crect%20width%3D%27250%27%20height%3D%27250%27%20fill-opacity%3D%220%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fsvg%3E\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/www.ipq.pt\/wp-content\/uploads\/DSC_0193_v2-200x200.png 200w, https:\/\/www.ipq.pt\/wp-content\/uploads\/DSC_0193_v2.png 250w\" data-sizes=\"auto\" data-orig-sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, (max-width: 640px) 100vw, 200px\" \/><\/span><\/div><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-3\"><p><span class=\"TextRun SCXW8676066 BCX9\" lang=\"EN-US\" xml:lang=\"EN-US\" data-contrast=\"auto\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW8676066 BCX9\" data-ccp-parastyle=\"Normal (Web)\">The metrological reform of King Manuel I,\u00a0<\/span><\/span><span class=\"TextRun SCXW8676066 BCX9\" lang=\"EN-US\" xml:lang=\"EN-US\" data-contrast=\"auto\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW8676066 BCX9\" data-ccp-parastyle=\"Normal (Web)\">identified<\/span><\/span><span class=\"TextRun SCXW8676066 BCX9\" lang=\"EN-US\" xml:lang=\"EN-US\" data-contrast=\"auto\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW8676066 BCX9\" data-ccp-parastyle=\"Normal (Web)\">\u00a0the weight (mass), length and volume measures, but did not promote the distribution of volume standards across the country.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><span class=\"TextRun SCXW8676066 BCX9\" lang=\"EN-US\" xml:lang=\"EN-US\" data-contrast=\"auto\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW8676066 BCX9\" data-ccp-parastyle=\"Normal (Web)\">Therefore, in 1575, King Sebasti\u00e3o signed a Law<\/span><\/span><span class=\"TextRun SCXW8676066 BCX9\" lang=\"EN-US\" xml:lang=\"EN-US\" data-contrast=\"auto\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW8676066 BCX9\" data-ccp-parastyle=\"Normal (Web)\">\u00a0(<\/span><\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ipq.pt\/en\/metrology-museum\/weights-and-measures-in-portugal\/metrological-reforms-of-the-modern-era\/the-reform-of-king-sebastiao\/\"><span class=\"TextRun Underlined SCXW8676066 BCX9\" lang=\"EN-US\" xml:lang=\"EN-US\" data-contrast=\"none\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW8676066 BCX9\" data-ccp-charstyle=\"Hyperlink\">L<\/span><\/span><span class=\"TextRun Underlined SCXW8676066 BCX9\" lang=\"EN-US\" xml:lang=\"EN-US\" data-contrast=\"none\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW8676066 BCX9\" data-ccp-charstyle=\"Hyperlink\">aw<\/span><\/span><span class=\"TextRun Underlined SCXW8676066 BCX9\" lang=\"EN-US\" xml:lang=\"EN-US\" data-contrast=\"none\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW8676066 BCX9\" data-ccp-charstyle=\"Hyperlink\">\u00a0<\/span><\/span><span class=\"TextRun Underlined SCXW8676066 BCX9\" lang=\"EN-US\" xml:lang=\"EN-US\" data-contrast=\"none\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW8676066 BCX9\" data-ccp-charstyle=\"Hyperlink\">of<\/span><\/span><span class=\"TextRun Underlined SCXW8676066 BCX9\" lang=\"EN-US\" xml:lang=\"EN-US\" data-contrast=\"none\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW8676066 BCX9\" data-ccp-charstyle=\"Hyperlink\">\u00a0Almeirim<\/span><\/span><\/a><span class=\"TextRun SCXW8676066 BCX9\" lang=\"EN-US\" xml:lang=\"EN-US\" data-contrast=\"auto\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW8676066 BCX9\" data-ccp-parastyle=\"Normal (Web)\">),\u00a0<\/span><\/span><span class=\"TextRun SCXW8676066 BCX9\" lang=\"EN-US\" xml:lang=\"EN-US\" data-contrast=\"auto\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW8676066 BCX9\" data-ccp-parastyle=\"Normal (Web)\">in which it determined the distribution of these standards<\/span><\/span><span class=\"TextRun SCXW8676066 BCX9\" lang=\"EN-US\" xml:lang=\"EN-US\" data-contrast=\"auto\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW8676066 BCX9\" data-ccp-parastyle=\"Normal (Web)\">,<\/span><\/span><span class=\"TextRun SCXW8676066 BCX9\" lang=\"EN-US\" xml:lang=\"EN-US\" data-contrast=\"auto\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW8676066 BCX9\" data-ccp-parastyle=\"Normal (Web)\">\u00a0establishing the first chain of metrological traceability in Portugal (applied to the volumes of solids and liquids): the Lisbon measures would be the national standard, serving as a reference for the distributed measures by the Comarcas which, in turn, would be the reference for those of the municipalities, from which the measures used by the merchants and who needed to have measures would be verified.<\/span><\/span><span class=\"EOP SCXW8676066 BCX9\" data-ccp-props=\"{\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div><div class=\"fusion-image-element \" style=\"text-align:right;--awb-caption-title-font-family:var(--h2_typography-font-family);--awb-caption-title-font-weight:var(--h2_typography-font-weight);--awb-caption-title-font-style:var(--h2_typography-font-style);--awb-caption-title-size:var(--h2_typography-font-size);--awb-caption-title-transform:var(--h2_typography-text-transform);--awb-caption-title-line-height:var(--h2_typography-line-height);--awb-caption-title-letter-spacing:var(--h2_typography-letter-spacing);\"><span class=\" fusion-imageframe imageframe-none imageframe-4 hover-type-none\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"200\" height=\"200\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ipq.pt\/wp-content\/uploads\/558-3_v2.png\" data-orig-src=\"https:\/\/storagewebsiteipq.blob.core.windows.net\/website\/\/558-3_v2-200x200.png\" alt class=\"lazyload img-responsive wp-image-7205\" srcset=\"data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D%27http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg%27%20width%3D%27250%27%20height%3D%27250%27%20viewBox%3D%270%200%20250%20250%27%3E%3Crect%20width%3D%27250%27%20height%3D%27250%27%20fill-opacity%3D%220%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fsvg%3E\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/www.ipq.pt\/wp-content\/uploads\/558-3_v2-200x200.png 200w, https:\/\/www.ipq.pt\/wp-content\/uploads\/558-3_v2.png 250w\" data-sizes=\"auto\" data-orig-sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, (max-width: 640px) 100vw, 200px\" \/><\/span><\/div><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-4\"><p><span class=\"TextRun SCXW215196872 BCX9\" lang=\"EN-US\" xml:lang=\"EN-US\" data-contrast=\"auto\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW215196872 BCX9\" data-ccp-parastyle=\"Normal (Web)\">The Philippine Dynasty maintained national measures (different from those used in Spain), since the\u00a0<\/span><\/span><span class=\"TextRun SCXW215196872 BCX9\" lang=\"EN-US\" xml:lang=\"EN-US\" data-contrast=\"auto\"><span class=\"SpellingError SCXW215196872 BCX9\" data-ccp-parastyle=\"Normal (Web)\">O<\/span><\/span><span class=\"TextRun SCXW215196872 BCX9\" lang=\"EN-US\" xml:lang=\"EN-US\" data-contrast=\"auto\"><span class=\"SpellingError SCXW215196872 BCX9\" data-ccp-parastyle=\"Normal (Web)\">rdinan<\/span><\/span><span class=\"TextRun SCXW215196872 BCX9\" lang=\"EN-US\" xml:lang=\"EN-US\" data-contrast=\"auto\"><span class=\"SpellingError SCXW215196872 BCX9\" data-ccp-parastyle=\"Normal (Web)\">ations<\/span><\/span><span class=\"TextRun SCXW215196872 BCX9\" lang=\"EN-US\" xml:lang=\"EN-US\" data-contrast=\"auto\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW215196872 BCX9\" data-ccp-parastyle=\"Normal (Web)\">\u00a0prepared by King Filipe I, which were edited after his death in 1603, known as the\u00a0<\/span><\/span><span class=\"TextRun SCXW215196872 BCX9\" lang=\"EN-US\" xml:lang=\"EN-US\" data-contrast=\"auto\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW215196872 BCX9\" data-ccp-parastyle=\"Normal (Web)\">\u00a0<\/span><\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ipq.pt\/en\/metrology-museum\/weights-and-measures-in-portugal\/metrological-reforms-of-the-modern-era\/the-philippine-dynasty\/\"><span class=\"TextRun Underlined SCXW215196872 BCX9\" lang=\"EN-US\" xml:lang=\"EN-US\" data-contrast=\"none\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW215196872 BCX9\" data-ccp-charstyle=\"Hyperlink\">Ordena\u00e7\u00f5es Filipinas<\/span><\/span><\/a><span class=\"TextRun SCXW215196872 BCX9\" lang=\"EN-US\" xml:lang=\"EN-US\" data-contrast=\"auto\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW215196872 BCX9\" data-ccp-parastyle=\"Normal (Web)\">\u00a0<\/span><\/span><span class=\"TextRun SCXW215196872 BCX9\" lang=\"EN-US\" xml:lang=\"EN-US\" data-contrast=\"auto\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW215196872 BCX9\" data-ccp-parastyle=\"Normal (Web)\">(Philippine Ordinations)<\/span><\/span><span class=\"TextRun SCXW215196872 BCX9\" lang=\"EN-US\" xml:lang=\"EN-US\" data-contrast=\"auto\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW215196872 BCX9\" data-ccp-parastyle=\"Normal (Web)\">,\u00a0<\/span><\/span><span class=\"TextRun SCXW215196872 BCX9\" lang=\"EN-US\" xml:lang=\"EN-US\" data-contrast=\"auto\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW215196872 BCX9\" data-ccp-parastyle=\"Normal (Web)\">maintain what\u00a0<\/span><\/span><span class=\"TextRun SCXW215196872 BCX9\" lang=\"EN-US\" xml:lang=\"EN-US\" data-contrast=\"auto\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW215196872 BCX9\" data-ccp-parastyle=\"Normal (Web)\">had already been\u00a0<\/span><\/span><span class=\"TextRun SCXW215196872 BCX9\" lang=\"EN-US\" xml:lang=\"EN-US\" data-contrast=\"auto\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW215196872 BCX9\" data-ccp-parastyle=\"Normal (Web)\">established<\/span><\/span><span class=\"TextRun SCXW215196872 BCX9\" lang=\"EN-US\" xml:lang=\"EN-US\" data-contrast=\"auto\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW215196872 BCX9\" data-ccp-parastyle=\"Normal (Web)\">\u00a0in the previous Ordinations of King Manuel I<\/span><\/span><span class=\"TextRun SCXW215196872 BCX9\" lang=\"EN-US\" xml:lang=\"EN-US\" data-contrast=\"auto\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW215196872 BCX9\" data-ccp-parastyle=\"Normal (Web)\">\u00a0regarding metrology<\/span><\/span><span class=\"TextRun SCXW215196872 BCX9\" lang=\"EN-US\" xml:lang=\"EN-US\" data-contrast=\"auto\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW215196872 BCX9\" data-ccp-parastyle=\"Normal (Web)\">.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-5 template-1-text\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":58,"featured_media":0,"parent":7572,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"100-width.php","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-7659","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ipq.pt\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/7659","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ipq.pt\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ipq.pt\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ipq.pt\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/58"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ipq.pt\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=7659"}],"version-history":[{"count":19,"href":"https:\/\/www.ipq.pt\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/7659\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":18412,"href":"https:\/\/www.ipq.pt\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/7659\/revisions\/18412"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ipq.pt\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/7572"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ipq.pt\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=7659"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}