EN 1991-1-5 gives principles and rules for calculating thermal actions on buildings, bridges and other structures including their structural members. Principles needed for cladding and other attachments of buildings are also provided. (2) This document describes the changes in the temperature of structural members. Characteristic values of thermal actions are presented for use in the design of structures which are exposed to daily and seasonal climatic changes. (3) This document also gives principles for changes in the temperature of structural members due to the paving of hot asphalt on bridge decks. (4) This document also provides principles and rules for thermal actions acting in structures which are mainly a function of their use (e.g. cooling towers, silos, tanks, warm and cold storage facilities, hot and cold services, etc.). NOTE Supplementary guidance for thermal actions on chimneys is provided in EN 13084-1. 1.2 Assumptions (1) The assumptions given in EN 1990:2023, 1.2 apply. (2) EN 1991 1 5 is intended to be used with EN 1990, the other parts of EN 1991 and EN 1992 (all parts) to EN 1999 (all parts) for the design of structures.